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Yucca

Yucca

The yucca plant is a tough perennial succulent that can grow as a shrub or a tree, depending on the species. While the many species of yucca vary in size and color, they are all able to thrive in hot, dry climates and can be cared for in the same way. The plants often are started from cuttings, although growing yucca from seeds is possible. The easiest propagation method involves division of an already mature plant. Once started, yucca plants can be grown in pots or planted in the ground outdoors, either directly in your garden or in a specially-prepared raised bed.

Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Yucca seeds are slow to germinate, and many species have a low success rate sprouting at all. The seed may even take a full year after planting to sprout. Yucca seeds planted indoors should be started in winter, to give them as long as possible to germinate before the next winter begins. Planting directly in garden soil is not as effective. If planting directly in garden soil, plant in early spring.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
The yucca plant should be placed in a soil mix that is 50% sand or gravel and 50% soil. You should make sure that there is neither too much gravel nor too much soil. Yucca needs a fast-draining soil to prevent root rot. Yucca plants need a hot, dry environment, so give your plant access to direct sunlight. Certain yucca species can thrive in colder or shadier locations, but these are in the minority, and typically still do well in full sunlight. The acceptable USDA Hardiness Zones for yucca range depending on species, from zones 4 through 11 (minimum winter temperatures of -30 to +25ºF or -34 to -4ºC), depending on your species. Zones 9 through 11 (17 to 25ºF, -7 to -4ºC) are typically safe even if you do not know your exact yucca species. If you live in a lower or higher zone, it’s best to consult an experienced gardener or garden nursery employee to identify your yucca species and find out what zones it will thrive in.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Place the seeds on a moist paper towel in a plastic container. Fill a container with approximately 1/4 inch (6 mm) of water. Place a paper towel on top of the water, then place your seeds on top of the paper towel. Keep the seeds moist at 65–75ºF (18–24ºC). Keep the container at room temperature, adding a small amount of water periodically to prevent the seeds from drying out and going dormant again. Some of the seeds should eventually sprout, but this can take anywhere from one month to a full year. Once the seeds have opened up and begun to sprout, prepare individual, small pots with a mixture of equal parts sand and compost. If these materials are not available, use any well-draining soil mixture, typically with 30% or more sand or small gravel. Plant the sprouted seeds, sprouting side up, 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) under the soil’s surface. Cover it with soil and water the soil thoroughly. Keep the sprouts in indirect sunlight and water occasionally. Let the first thorough watering almost dry out, then water regularly to keep the soil damp, but not soaked. You should see the sprouts emerge from the soil within a week. For a quicker process, take a cutting from an existing adult yucca plant. After a couple years of growth or more, yucca plants may produce offshoots near the base that grow on their own stem. During the dormant colder season, select a stem with dark brown bark, not a young, cream-colored stem. Cut a section off of this stem. The length and thickness of the cutting do not matter much. A cutting 3–4 in.(7.5–10 cm) long should be sufficient. Strip the lower leaves from the stem. Use a clean knife or scissors to remove the leaves nearest the base, leaving the leaves on the top. With fewer leaves, the cutting will go through less severe moisture changes, which increases the odds of it surviving the transplant until its roots can grow. Place the cutting in a cool, shaded area. This dries the plant out slightly to encourage root growth for seeking moisture. After 4–7 days, the cutting should be ready to plant. Select a pot with drainage holes. Fill it with a cactus or yucca potting mix, or make your own quickly draining soil. Two parts seed-starting mix and one part sand will provide nutrients for the young plant without keeping it too wet. Push the stem far enough into the soil to keep it steady and upright. Often, you’ll need to use a gentle rope or other soft line material to anchor the stem upright to another object. Keep indoors at least two years, transferring to larger pots successively. The yucca plant may not be sturdy enough to thrive outdoors for at least two or three years. Keep near a sunny window, but not indirect sunlight while roots and leaves are still developing. Transplant the yuccas to a larger pot if its roots begin to wrap around the outside of its current pot. Once the yucca plant is two or three years old, you may plant it outside in the springtime. When transplanting, be careful to dig deep enough to expose its entire taproot. This central, long root can be quite long in some yucca species. To plant potted yucca outdoors – Gently pry the yucca out of its pot. Turn the pot on its side. Grab the yucca at the base of the stem and slowly “wiggle” it out, soil, roots, and all. Place the yucca into the newly dug hole. Fill the rest of the hole with your soil mix and pack the soil around the base of the stem to hold the plant in place. The roots should not show above ground. Top the soil with 2 inches (5 cm) of granite chippings. The chippings keep the root dry at the neck by preventing water from splashing onto it accidentally
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Some yucca grow in a rosette shape, and produce a long, central flower stalk. After it dies, this stalk should be cut back all the way to the base to prevent rot. Other yucca varieties are tall and tree-like. These may be pruned to direct growth, but always wear gloves and safety goggles, as yucca can send sharp splinters flying when cut In either type, cut off dead or withered leaves from the base of the plant whenever you see them. If the Yucca grows too thick and dense after a few years, you can take a shoot from it to plant elsewhere. Choose an offshoot you would like to remove, dig a perimeter around it, and lift the shoot from below with a shovel. You can cut any roots to the mother plant.Transplant this shoot to a new sunny area. This is best done during the dormant season. Yucca plants can be damaged if exposed directly to frost. Spreading a thick layer of mulch can go a long way in keeping the plant warm and dry. However, keep mulch away from the lowest leaves to prevent rot.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Many yucca plants can get by without any supplementary watering, relying solely on rainwater to survive. Once foliage starts to develop in the warm months, however, you can water it weekly, giving the plant just enough water to slightly moisten the soil without making it wet to the touch. Reduce the frequency of watering if your yucca plant develops brown tips with yellow rings around them. This is a sign of over-watering.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Once established, Yucca will out compete most weeds
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Some recommend only fertilizing yucca once a year. This is because yucca can survive well in areas with low nutrients. Yucca likes potassium in the summer when it is growing.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Not many pests are drawn to yucca, but snails and slugs will attack new growth. Use slug traps to get rid of them. Small, green aphids can be washed off with soapy water. Rust and mildew are the most common diseases. Food grade hydrogen peroxide, also known as oxygen bleach helps to cure mildew and fungus with out harming the plant or using toxic chemical fungicides. 12 tablespoons of 3 percent hydrogen peroxide mixed with a gallon of water and sprayed on the foliage is recommended. Repeated spraying for several days usually solves the problem and perks up the plant.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
How to Harvest:
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:

Harvest and Storage

Notes

The Joshua Tree of Southwestern US belongs to the genius Yucca. Banana yucca (Yucca baccata) – Banana yucca is a Southwestern native plant that needs very little water and no maintenance. The spiky leaves can reach heights of 2 to 3 feet (61-91 cm.). It can take several years for a banana yucca to bloom, and it often dies soon after the flowers fade. Soapweed yucca (Y. glauca) – This is another Southwestern type. Soapweed yucca produces 3 to 4 foot (1 m.) flower spikes, loaded with large white flowers. It thrives when left to its own devices in a sunny location. Beargrass yucca (Y. smalliana) – The leaves of this Southeastern native are softer than those of most yuccas, so they are safe to plant around people. Beargrassyucca is spectacular when in bloom and flowers produce a strong fragrance in the evening. Spanish Bayonet (Y. aloifolia) – Keep this Southeastern yucca away from walkways and places where children play. Spanish bayonet yucca produces three stems of varying heights, each filled with densely packed, rigid, sharply pointed spikes. It’s easy to see where this plant got its name. Expect dense flower clusters upto 2 feet (61 cm.) long in summer. The Spanish dagger (Y. gloriosa) is a closely relatedand equally dangerous plant. Adam’s Needle (Y. filamentosa) – The 2 1/2 foot (76 cm.) long, pointed leaves of this Southeastern native arise directly from the ground. The drama begins when the plant sends up a 6 foot (2 m.) flower stalk that holds an abundance of pleasantly fragrant, bell-shaped flowers. Like the Spanish bayonet, Adam’s Needle shouldn’t be planted in areas where it may come in contact with people. Yucca plants have a number of uses depending on the types you have. Yucca plants are not only grown outdoors in the landscape but they make lovely additions in the home when grown as houseplants. Several types of yucca plants have edible flowers and fruit, including the banana yucca and soapweed yucca. Yucca roots and leaves contain steroidal saponins, an anti-inflammatory agent used to relieve arthritis symptoms. It is also thought to purify and cleanse the blood, kidneys, and heart. Always consult a healthcare practitioner before preparing your own herbal remedies. Soapweed yucca is used to make shampoo and soap, and the leaves are woven into baskets. Historically, yucca was used primarily for its fiber, which was woven into fabric and twisted into rope. Making your own yucca shampoo is easy. It takes one medium sized plant to make enough for 12 shampoos. Dig up theplant, rinse off the roots, and cut off the top. Peel the roots and cut them into pieces about the size of ice cubes. Beat the pieces with a hammer or process them with a blender. When it turns from white to amber, the shampoo is ready to use.

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