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Spicebush Shrub

Spicebush Shrub

Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Description: Native to the low woods, stream banks, and wetlands of the eastern United States and Canada, spicebush is an easy-to-grow, deciduous shrub in the Lauraceae family. It is adapt- able to a wide range of growing conditions and is low-maintenance once it is established. Spicebush is an aromatic deciduous shrub. The little yellowish flowers have clusters of 2-5 flowers and bloom in the spring, As its name suggests, spicebush leaves and twigs give off a spicy fragrance and flavor when crushed. There is a species of laurel known as hairy spicebush, Spicebush is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers are present on separate plants. Male spicebush grows clusters of yellow-green flowers in the spring, whereas the female spicebush can be identified by the bright red berries that adorn the bush in the late summer months. The Hardiness zones are 4 to 9 . It is accustomed to cold winters, warm springs, and mild to hot summers – although thanks to its adaptable nature it can tolerate a wide range of
Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:conditions. It grows rapidly in wet conditions and tolerates humid conditions more readily than overly dry conditions. Although it can be grown from seed with relative ease, Spicebush is not as easily propagated otherwise. It can be successfully propagated by softwood cuttings, although a successful propagation can be difficult. The best time to take softwood cuttings for spicebush propagation is in the late summer or autumn. Use a rooting hormone for best results, and plant the cutting in a moistened mixture of perlite and soilless mix. Softwood cuttings need high humidity in order to sprout roots, so keep the newly potted softwood cutting in a plastic bag to create a humid environment until roots develop. Fortunately, the berries that adorn the female plants contain its seeds, so if you have a female spicebush (or know someone that does!) it is easy to grow new plants. If by seed, place fresh seed from harvest buried in a pot with a silty soil, and allow the soil mi- crobes to break down the flesh of the fruit over the fall and winter. Leave this pot outdoors buried halfway underground so it is not subjected to the coldest winter temperatures. In early spring, strain the silty soil from the seeds by using a hose on a jet setting and a strainer; washing the silty soil away leaving only the seeds and sow in early spring.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Spicebush grows best in full sun to partial shade conditions. If you’re trying to find a place in your yard for them in the Deep South, try the Northside, Eastside, or Westside of your home where they will receive shade for part of the day. As a ‘facultative wetland plant’ (which means that it mostly occurs in wetlands) spicebush thrives in moist- well draining soils. The shrub doesn’t do as well near salt or brackish water. The shrub often grows in bottomlands and on slopes, where there is plenty of runoff. It toler- ates both alkaline and acidic (5.0 to 8.0) soils well.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
The shrubs either produce male – pollen bearing flowers or female – nectar producing flowers. Most nurseries will not have the sex of the shrub identified, so be sure to plant at least 3 to 5 to heighten the probability you get a mix of male and female flowering trees. Spicebush can grow 6 to 12 ft. tall. A good rule of thumb is to leave 8-12 feet between seeds. Spicebush can get wide, but rarely eclipses 12 feet, and very rarely reaches 15 feet. You also want to plant the seeds pretty shallow. Just 1⁄4” deep in the soil is deep enough for spicebush to grow. Re- member, in nature, seeds grow after dropping to the ground, so they don’t need to be buried deep to thrive.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Bunnies may eat seedlings so you can repel rabbits since they don’t like: marigolds, lavender, sage, columbine, delphinium, bee balm, lemon balm, and catnip. You’re likely to find Spicebush in an edge habitat among fellow swamp dwellers such as Jew- elweed, Joe-Pye-Weed, some ferns and sedges and of course, the not-so-picky Poison Ivy. Even as natural undergrowth, you may find the shrub beneath Hemlock and Maple trees.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Spicebush does not require heavy pruning and it is usually only for aesthetic reasons and to help it maintain its shape. The best time to prune spicebush is after the shrub has finished flow- ering in the spring
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
During the first growing season, spicebush should be watered regularly to help it establish a strong root system. Once established, spicebush usually does not require extra watering out- side of the regular rainfall in its growing zones. It is widely considered to be an adaptable shrub and can tolerate a wide range of moisture conditions including short periods of dry soil or very wet soil. In historically bad or severe droughts, simply set your sprinkler up on the spicebush and give 2 inches of water every 14 days in which there isn’t 1” of rain fall. (This is just watering twice a month during exceptional dry spells.) While they should survive without this watering, the watering will increase growth rate and increase the size of the fruits for wildlife as well as the density of flowers for the following spring.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Taking steps to reduce future weed growth, near young trees means to pull the weeds out and mulch covering nearby to keep them down.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Spicebush should be fertilized twice during each growing season. Fertilize in the early spring and then again in midsummer.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
They are supremely resistant to deer grazing and tolerate Black Walnut as well. However, it is susceptible to ‘laurel wilt’ which is caused by a deadly fungus that is introduced to the shrub via redbay ambrosia beetle. Symptoms of laurel wilt include brown leaves and spikes of ambrosia beetle sawdust sticking out of the trunk of the laurel family related trees. (meaning browning from the vascular tissue being infected is not being able to get water to the leaves from the roots.) Infected trees generally die within months, of- ten showing a full crown of dead, brown leaves. the best way to prevent the spread of laurel wilt is to avoid transporting any firewood. Current management involves sanitation (chipping, burning) of infested materials.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
Harvest the berries mid August to mid October once they have turned very red.
How to Harvest:
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
In the modern kitchen, the edible seed can be used to make tea, in baking Gingerbread for example, ice cream, rice pudding, and flavoring of meat. Its twigs, buds, flowers, leaves, unripe and ripe fruit are all edible, and intensely aromatic. Some folks have found that spice- bush leaves dry well without using a dehydrator or bags. Placing them on trays in an open environment will dry them, but the succulence and oils of the leaves never quite depart, resulting in a dried leaf that will spoil if stored in jars. You can try the berries in an oven on the low- est setting. Dry them until they are dark red to black, feel completely dry all the way through, and you can bite through them easily. Frozen fruits just come out dark and mushy, but if you really need to freeze them you can, knowing that the texture will be greatly compromised upon thawing. Nutrients will be preserved. Spread berries in a single layer on a cookie sheet and place in freezer for 1 day. Once frozen, repackage them into zipping freezer baggies (3 mils or thicker) or glass jars to keep them from drying out, remove as much air as possible from the baggie, label and store in freezer until needed—no more than 1 year. Avoid freezing, thawing and refreezing as might happen in a door of a freezer.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:
Fresh seeds are best when it comes to growing spicebush from seed. At harvest time, remove the seed from inside by squeezing or cutting open. Sow the seeds immediately after harvesting in a pot or directly in the garden bed. Germination will occur in the spring of the following year.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

There are at least three cultivators of spicebush that have been developed, although they are not widely available for purchase: Lindera benzoin ‘Rubra’ is a male cultivator that is characterized by red flowers. Lindera benzoin ‘Xandthocarpa’ is a female cultivator that is characterized by yellow-orange berries. Lindera benzoin ‘Green Gold’ is a male cultivator that is characterized by large ornamental flowers. In foraging, be sure about Spiceberry because the Flowering dogwood and Pondberry are similar look-a-likes. Spicebush is also a host plant for the caterpillars of the spicebush swallowtail butterfly, the promethea moth also known as the spicebush moth, and the eastern tiger swallowtail. A spicebush in your pollinator garden is an excellent way to attract these three pollinators.

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