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Bean, Soybean

Bean, Soybean

Soybeans are an edible legume that are very nutritious, as they are high in protein, calcium, fiber, iron,
magnesium, and other vitamins and minerals. Soybeans are also very versatile, as they can be cooked,
fermented, dried, and turned into products like milk, flour, tofu, and more. Soy is a huge crop for many
commercial farmers, but it can also be grown in your own backyard as long as you get a good three to
five months of warm weather.


There are thousands of different types of soybeans. If you want to eat your soybeans, make sure you
have an edible, green variety. If you want to make soy milk or flour, find a yellow-seeded variety. If you
are planning on drying the soybeans, get a black-seeded variety.


VARIETIES: Midori Giant, Velvet, Manitoba Brown, Envy, Butterbean, Aoyu- most widely used as
edamame (Heirloom variety /open pollinated, non hybrid)
Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
The ideal time to plant soybeans is two to three weeks after the last frost, when the soil warms to about 60 F (15.5 C) and the air to about 70 F (21 C). The upper part of the young plant (the hypocotyl) begins to lengthen, pulling the remainder of the seed upward. About five to fifteen days after planting, the new plant arches through the soil, and the oval seed leaves (cotyledons) open up. The cotyledons provide the seedling with food (that was stored in them) for about a week, plus they soon turn green and begin making a little additional food by photosynthesis. Later they drop off. Seed germination and emergence is a critical period in the life of a soybean because poor emergence due to a soil crust, cold temperatures or seedling pests or diseases can drastically cut yield.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Choosing the right soil for your soy plants has many advantages, including that there will be fewer weeds, less erosion, and the right balance of nutrients and pH in the soil. This will produce healthier plants with better yields. The best type of soil for soybeans is well-draining loam that isn’t packed to tightly. If your soil has a high clay content, mix in peat moss, sand, or mulch to ensure proper drainage.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Direct Sow Soybeans in the garden, they have very shallow roots and don’t transplant well. Sow the soybeans 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) deep into the soil, and space the beans about 3 inches (7.6 cm) apart. Plant the beans in rows that are about 30 inches (76 cm) apart. Water the beans once they’ve been planted, but only until the soil is moist. Do not overwater newly planted beans, otherwise they may crack. Soybeans require a lot of nitrogen. The best way to ensure they get enough is to inoculate the seeds with a nitrogen fixing agent. BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM is a soil bacterium for this purpose. You can purchase Bradyrhizobium japonicum through catalogs, online, or in some gardening and farm supply stores. To inoculate the seed/beans, place them in a bucket and sprinkle them with the bacterium (inoculate)Use a spade or small shovel to mix the beans and coat each one. Keep the seeds out of direct sunlight and plant them within 24 hours of inoculation.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Best companions: Corn, Squash, Potatoes, Cucumbers, Strawberry, Celery and Summer Savory. Allium Family should be avoided such as: Onions, Garlic, and Chives.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Once the crops have sprouted a few inches, you should remove weaker plants to let the stronger plants flourish. To do this, cut the weak seedlings at ground level; do not disturb their roots. The remaining plants should be spaced about 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) apart.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Soybeans typically only need additional water during three stages: when they are first growing and before they erupt from the soil, when they are developing pods, and when they’re flowering. During these periods, make sure to water the plants frequently enough to keep the soil moist.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Soybeans do not like to compete with weeds, and will quickly be choked out if there are lots of weeds growing in the same garden. Weed the garden bed often and pull out weeds with a spade or by hand. Once the plants establish themselves and get larger, you don’t have to worry about weeding so much, because the soy plants will choke out the weeds on their own.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Soy plants need a good balance of nutrients in the soil to grow properly. It’s important to add a fertilizer to the soil if the area hasn’t been enriched in recent years. For soil that hasn’t been enriched recently, add aged composted manure (never fresh) or compost to the soil to add more nutrients to the seedbed before planting.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Rabbits love soybean shoots, and will devastate your crop if you don’t protect the growing plants. To protect your crop from rabbits, put a fence around the perimeter of your garden. You can make a simple fence by driving a few stakes into the ground around the garden and attaching chicken wire to them. You can also purchase pre-made panels of garden fencing. Another method is to plant metal rings throughout the garden bed and cover them with horticultural fleece.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
Soybeans start to mature in September, and are ready for harvest when the pods are green and the seeds become plump and fully grown. Typically soybeans will be ready to harvest in 70-160 days. When the seeds are ready, the pods will be between two and three inches (five to eight cm) long and plump. Be sure to harvest the beans before the pods turn yellow. To harvest, simply pick the entire pod off the plant.
How to Harvest:
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Once the soybeans have cooled, you can eat them immediately, use them in your favorite recipes, or store them for later use. The soybeans will keep in the fridge for about a week, or for storage up to a year they can be frozen, canned or dried.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
It’s important to blanch and shock the beans because you cannot properly digest raw soybeans. Fill a large pot with water and bring it to a boil over high heat. Fill another large pot halfway with water and fill the rest with ice. When the water comes to a boil, put the full pods into the water and boil them for five minutes. Then, remove them from the hot water with a slotted spoon and plunge them into the ice bath for five minutes. Once the pods have cooled, remove them from the cold water and place them on a clean towel. Removing the beans from the pods is easiest after blanching. Take a cooled pod in your hands and gently pinch both ends. As you squeeze, the seams of the pod will open and the beans will pop out. Place the beans in a bowl and repeat until you’ve removed all the beans. Be careful when you’re squeezing the pod, because the beans will shoot out! Hulls (empty pods) contain a lot of nutrients Excellent for Composting!
Seed Saving:
Allow pods to fully mature and dry before picking to save seed. Remove beans from pods, put into container and store in cool dry place.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

Soybeans Problems and solutions: Not seeing any pods forming on your soybean plants? If you’re noticing a few pods falling off your plant, don’t be alarmed, it’s normal. But if you’re left with no pods to harvest there is an issue. It could be environmental factors such as too much moisture that can encourage disease and stunt plant growth. Lack of water or to much shade can also be the culprit. While soybeans like it hot, extreme heat may also cause the plant to drop or not produce pods. Empty Pods- it can take over a month for pods to fill out once they have set. If you have been waiting and still have empty pods it may be there is a soil imbalance.

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