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Lychee Tree

Lychee Tree

The most notable of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, Lychee trees bloom in the late
winter to early spring. It is a broadleaf evergreen fruit tree. The resulting fruits are actually drupes,
which are borne in clusters of from 3-50 fruits. The fruit is round to oval and 1-1.5 inches (25-38 mm.)
across and a bumpy textured pink to red in color. Once peeled, the interior of fruit is whitish, semitransparent, and juicy. Each drupe contains one shiny, dark brown seed. The tree is familiar to Florida,
Hawaii, southern California, and southern Texas. While some subtropical fruits, such as these, may
survive outdoors only in Canada’s warmest of growing regions, southwestern British Columbia, they
can also be grown indoors in pots for anyone to enjoy. Some Common Names are Litchi, Leechee,
Lichee, Lichi.
Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Buy lychee fruit from a grocery store or farmer’s market. Go ahead and choose a few of the lovely round fruits and save the brown seeds inside. Lychee fruit will be available usually throughout May, June, and July in the Northern hemisphere. Make sure the fruit you get is fresh and completely ripe. The skin will be dark red, almost purple, and the bumps will flatten due to the amount of juice and sugar inside. Large seeds germinate better than smaller seeds. Seeds are only good for a few days once they’ve been removed from the fruit, so plant them right away. Don’t buy lychee fruit until you’re ready. If you can’t find fresh fruit, there are online retailers that will ship you lychee seeds ready for planting. Just be aware that seeds taken from fresh fruit have a higher germination rate.
Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
The best climate for a lychee tree is tropical or subtropical, but occasional frost is tolerated. Hardy zone is 10a to 11b, however, those living in the warmest regions of zone 9b can grow a lychee tree provided the tree gets protection during an unexpected freeze. Spring planting after any frosts have passed is best. To be brought to bloom, lychee needs to be exposed to cold temperatures (32 to 45 degrees F) for at least 100 hours in the winter. It can cope with short blasts of almost freezing weather. Growing your own plant from a tiny seed is a long and delicate process. Large seeds germinate better than smaller seeds. Seeds are only good for a few days once they’ve been removed from the fruit, so plant them right away. Don’t buy lychee fruit until you’re ready. If you can’t find fresh fruit, online retailers will ship you lychee seeds that are ready for planting. (Just be aware that seeds taken from fresh fruit have a higher germination rate.) Enjoy the delicious snack first, then clean off all remnants of fruit and you’ll have a beautiful burgundy seed that’s ready to become a tree. Get the seed wet, and then roll it gently around in the paper towel. This will remove any lingering debris. To increase the chance of germination, fill a cup or bowl with water and submerge the seed completely. After a few days, the brownish husk will begin to crack, which is a telltale sign that the seed is about to sprout. The water can be tap or bottled. Replace the water every day to maintain freshness.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Find a container you won’t mind seeing every day and fill it with dirt that will promote healthy growth. Ideally, the soil will have a pH between 5.0 and 5.5. This imitates the soil of the lychee tree’s original tropical habitat. Any soil meant for azaleas or gardenias would be a good match. The Lychee tree loves high humidity.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Push the lychee seed carefully into the soil. The perfect depth for a lychee seed is roughly 1 inch (2.5 cm), any deeper or shallower might lessen the odds of a tree actually growing. Keep your pot away from direct sunlight to keep the seed from overheating during the germination process. A kitchen table or nightstand would work well. The temperature of the room should be between 70 °F (21 °C) and 85 °F (29 °C).
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Will grow well with most other plants, but keep in mind that planting trees too close together can cause crowding and competition for sunlight and resources. Planting with herbs such as oregano can help confuse pests.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Lychee trees are best planted at least 30 feet away from your home, other major structures, or other trees in your home landscape. Planting them too close can impact their growth and fruit harvest, particularly if they are shaded. If you are in an area prone to flooding, planting the tree on a mound of soil can help to ensure water runoff. The female flowers have to be pollinated. In an orchard, pollination is done by insects, but for indoor trees, you will have to hand-pollinate. Lychee trees can grow really fast in a single year, so be sure to upgrade to larger pots. Every spring, purchase a large container and carefully transfer the soil and tree. Do this until your tree gets as big as you want. Choose a pot with drainage holes. Cover the bottom of the new pot with soil. Water your lychee plant to loosen the roots, then pull and rock carefully to avoid breaking roots. Place your plant in the new pot and cover with dirt. Water immediately after replanting. While shade might not kill a lychee tree, it will completely stop it from growing. Your plant will be content and productive near a window that receives a lot of light so12 hours of full light is preferable. If you want to grow a lychee tree outdoors, buy a tree from a nursery instead. Or keep your sapling inside until it’s big enough to withstand wind and weather. When left alone, lychee trees can get up to 10 feet (3.0 m) tall. Once your plant is the right size for your house or patio, remove excess foliage to keep it that way. Strip off leaves and cut wayward branches. To keep your tree from getting any taller, cut leaves and branches from the top. The tree will compensate by glowing lower and bushier. Try to produce a rounded shape, which is traditional for lychee trees. You may not need to prune your tree for the first few years.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
While being sure not to overdo it, water your lychee sprout often and well. Standing water might drown the seed, but don’t let it dry out. Dry soil is harmful to lychee plans, so be sure to water every other day. Keep the soil damp, but not waterlogged. Drowning the roots will also hinder growth. When little green leaves poke through the top layer of soil, it’s time to move the pot into the sunlight. Direct is best. Your little lychee will enjoy the warmth and it will grow quickly. A newly sprouted seedling will be comfortable in a small container until it reaches 7 inches (18 cm) or 8 inches (20 cm) tall. When growth slows, usually after 1 year, it’s time to upgrade to a larger pot.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Keep the weeds away from it’s nearby moist, fertile, well-drained soil You can mulch the space with pine bark or pine needles. Place a 4″ layer of mulch around the tree from the drip line to about 6″ away from the trunk to prevent rotting.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Use an organic fertilizer that either does not have any nitrogen in it (or is very low in nitrogen), but emphasizes potassium about twice a year.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Lychee trees can play host to aphids, mealybugs, mites, and other pests. Look for tiny webs, curling leaves, or a white powdery substance. If you see any sign of infestation, treat as soon as possible to prevent the insects from spreading from one area of the plant to another. Remove insets by hand and cut off affected leaves/branches. If the pests persist, you can use an insecticidal soap or essential oils. Pests may not be an issue unless you keep your lychee plant outside in the spring and summer.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
It can take a lychee tree anywhere from 3 to 5 (even 25) years to produce fruit, something which can be affected by climate, soil quality, and the amount of available sun. Be patient and you’ll start seeing produce of your very own. The diameter of a ripe lychee should be at least 1 inch (2.5 cm). Not all fruit on one tree will ripen at the same rate (avoid brown fruits, as these are past their prime). If the flesh is sweet and juicy, it’s time to pick. Harvesting occurs in the late spring and early summer.
How to Harvest:
Lychee grow in bunches, almost like grapes, and you can cut the entire collection. Trim as close as you can to the large branch the bunch hangs from. Don’t worry about taking a few leaves with the fruit, the tree will recover. Don’t eat any fruit that looks like it was eaten by bugs or fruit flies.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Keeping lychee fruit cool is important to maintaining color and taste. Store it in the refrigerator to keep it fresh for a longer period of time. You can keep lychee fruit in the refrigerator for up to 5 weeks. It can be eaten fresh, dried, or canned. Although they are most commonly eaten fresh, lychee fruit will naturally dehydrate if hung by their stems in a dry location. Dried lychee looks similar to raisins and can be eaten in the same way. Lychee fruit may also be frozen. To freeze lychee, peel the fruit and remove the seeds. Place in freezer bags. Lychee fruit is actually quite delicious frozen but can also be defrosted in warm water. The roots and the bark of the tree are also used in teas and Lychee has long medicinal uses.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:

Harvest and Storage

Notes

Lychee trees do much better in warm, humid environments, so it may be difficult for your plant to grow fruit if you don’t live in an area with these conditions. Lychee can be maintained as small patio trees in warmer climes or grown into 35- or 40-foot trees in the ground. Lychee is typically propagated commercially by air-layering. This a sophisticated technique where growers make a cut into a thin branch and then surround it with a packet of moist moss or soil. Roots will form in the cut area, allowing the grower to cut off the whole branch and plant it as a small tree. These are the most popular cultivars in the U.S.:Litchi chinensis ‘Mauritius’ (excellent fleshy fruit with just one large seed. It is a good choice if fruit production is your main goal.) L. chinensis ‘Brewster’ (vigorous growing tree with a spreading upright habit. It is well suited for areas that get a lot of moisture. It is also a good cultivar for fruit production.) L. chinensis ‘Emperor’ (one of the best container varieties, as it is a slow-growing tree with a compact growth habit. It requires less water than other varieties.)

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