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Horseradish

Horseradish

Pungent root vegetable that is commonly used to impart a zesty, hot flavor to foods.
Horseradish is a hardy perennial. 1-2 horseradish plants will probably be enough for most households.
A little goes a long way.
Introduction
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Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Can be grown in cold climates, full sun, or light shade after last frost. Like carrots or potatoes, horseradish roots are ready to go straight into the ground.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Horseradish takes roots quickly and flourishes in cool conditions,and it can quickly spread throughout your garden if you don’t check its growth. When watering horseradish, it’s only necessary to keep the soil around the roots slightly damp. Don’t drown them.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Use roots that are pre-cut and ready to plant or most gardeners start horseradish from crowns, (the uppermost part of the plant) as the plant grows from the roots. Loosen the soil about 12 inches deep where you decide to plant the horseradish. Make the hole wide enough to accommodate the entire length of the root, as it should be planted at an angle. Space the horseradish 18-20 inches (46-51 centimeters). Although the crown of the horseradish can produce a new plant, best results will be achieved by replanting the root system.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Designate a unique space such as a barrel, hanging planter, or terracing to keep it from overtaking other plants. Unlike more temperamental plants, horseradish doesn’t require direct sunlight to thrive, although it will help it grow faster. Avoid planting horseradish near walls or fences or beneath trees that might strangle root growth.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Roots are very good at retaining moisture and therefore only require watering once or twice throughout the week. Water horse radish plants more frequently in the hot summer months when the soil tends to be drier. Be careful not to over water horseradish, as this is one of the few conditions that can be harmful to its survival.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
As the horseradish grows, it will begin to sprout tall leaves known as “suckers” and various types of weeds. Keep these pruned down to prevent them from spreading. A healthy horseradish plant should have only 3-4 leaf stalks, any more may cause unintended spreading and irregular shaped roots should they be allowed to continue growing.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Do not fertilize more than once per growing season. Fertilize during the spring with a high-phosphorus, low-nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilizing is optional, as the compost you used to plant the horseradish should provide sufficient nourishment, but can help the roots grow larger. Keep an eye on the progress of developing horseradish plants and use a fertilizer if the plants’ growth seems stunted or if soil health is poor.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
The growing season for horseradish is one year from fall to fall. Horseradish weeds can also spread undesirably to other plants. Some weeds take the form of tall, spiked stalks that grow white flowers. This is a common sign that the horseradish has survived the harshest winter weather. The horseradish flea beetle is a serious pest on horseradish foliage. This mix deters many common garden pests. Take a handful of spearmint leaves, two horseradish roots (with tops), and a few scallions. Chop roughly and cover with water. The next day, strain the mix and add a tablespoon of cayenne pepper and two tablespoons of natural-based dish detergent. Spray where needed.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
A cold-hardy vegetable, horseradish reaches its peak in size and flavor after it has been through a frost (Delay fall harvest until late October or early November, or just before the ground freezes). It usually takes around one year for a horseradish plant to reach maturity after its initial planting, so if you first planted the root in fall it should be ready to harvest by the following fall. A harsh frost will often kill off the foliage that grows at the crown of the plant. This is a good way to know when the horseradish is ready to be pulled
How to Harvest:
Use a shovel or trowel to gently loosen the soil beneath the plant’s leaf stalks. Once the root is visible, take hold of it and pull until the entire root system has been removed. Fully-grown horseradish plants will be between 6-10 inches in length, so dig deep to keep from damaging the root. If you know you want to continue growing horseradish, let a few root segments remain in the soil when you harvest.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Snip away the green leaf stalks on the horseradish crown. These can be thrown away or used as compost. Cut the horseradish into small, thin sections that can easily be used later for cooking or other purposes. Unused horseradish can be stored in a plastic sandwich bag and will keep in the refrigerator for 3 months or longer. Wash and dry horseradish roots thoroughly before using them to prepare food.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:
Its weed-like flowers produce seeds. If you decide to replant the harvested horseradish, cut the plant roughly 3-4 inches beneath the crown (around the root’s midpoint) and return the root portion to the soil, keeping the crown portion to use in the kitchen. The roots will reestablish themselves on their own, and you can resume regular watering and weeding.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

If you don’t want the horseradish plant to return after a harvest, you’ll need to make sure that all traces of the plant’s roots have been removed from the soil, otherwise, they will continue to take up growing. Younger tender horseradish leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. Fresh horseradish can be grated, ground or pulsed in a blender and added to recipes for a pungent, spicy flavor. Horseradish pairs well with hearty meats and fish like steak, prime rib, tuna and salmon. Try using horseradish in food or tea as a medicinal herb to clear clogged sinuses.

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