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Goumi Berry

Goumi Berry

This 6 ft. tall deciduous shrub bears thousands of juicy, red, pleasing tart fruits that
taste like a cherry pie has leaves with a silver underside. The berries themselves are 1-2 cm (0.5
in.) wide, round and bright red when the fruits ripen in high summer. Its pit is edible too. Goumi
berries are from the genus Elaeagnus, a group of plants that take nitrogen from the air and
fix it into the soil. This perennial of the Elaeagnaceae family is not to be confused with goji
berries though both have many health benefits. Each year in late spring, goumi is covered with
delicate, white-yellow, bell-shaped flowers with a similar fragrance to lilac. It is also known as
Cherry silverberry and Autumn olive. Goumi takes years to mature but has better roots for
mining minerals so it doesn’t require replanting every year. Goumi trees will provide food
for years without growing anew.
Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Goumi berry shrubs are very durable. The plants can survive temperatures as low as -4 F. (-20 C.). Although the aboveground plant may die back at colder temperatures, the roots can survive as low as -22 F (-30 C), and will regrow again in the spring. Hardiness zones are 4 to 9.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
The shrubs can tolerate any kind of soil, from sand to clay and acidic to alkaline. They will grow in nutritionally poor soil and polluted air, and will do well in full sun or partial shade. They can even tolerate salty sea air. In other words, growing goumi berries does not take a lot of care with well-draining soil. The pH goal is 6.3 to 6.8 so if needed you can mix 1-2 in. of plant based organic matter (manure, peat, and coconut coir) int the soil.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Your best option is to mix this shrub in with your other plants. If you’ve got fruit trees or other berries you can plant goumi berries between your other fruits and berries. You could plant an apple tree, followed by a goumi berry, and then plant another apple tree or other fruit tree or berry. Just make sure to space the fruit trees and other berries out enough so the goumi berries can get a half-day of sunlight. If you’ve already planted your fruit trees or other berries you can still mix in goumi berries. You might just need to plant them on the sunny side of your trees/berries depending on how much room there is between your existing plants. You can also mix goumi berries into your vegetable and flower areas. Just space the goumi berries out enough to leave plenty of room for the small plants so they can still get enough sun. Since Goumi is partially self-fertile, planting two varieties will produce crops. Plant 7 ft. apart or 4 ft. for a hedge. The smallest for container is a 25 gal. pot.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Planting along with Comfrey, Jerusalem artichoke, or Maximillian sunflower would be great fruit guild builders.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
There are many factors, including the humidity, temperature, soil type, wind, and amount of direct sun that affect how much and how often water needs to be applied. A general rule of thumb for plants in the ground is to ensure they receive an inch of water per week over the root zone. (that is equivalent to about ¾ to 1 gal. per square foot of soil surface area.) Apply this water once a week (twice if soil is fast draining). Do not water lightly each day because this results in a wet surface and dry root zone area. The soil should be moist but not soggy to a depth of about a foot for most growing plants. The top inch or two can feel dry, and the plant still be well watered. The trick is to have the water available where the roots are. In hotter and sunnier areas, mulch can greatly ease the burden of summer watering. For containers, water until the soil is saturated and water comes out of the drainage holes. Let the container dry until the soil is dry to touch 1-2 in. down. A plant that has wilted can be receiving either too much or too little water. It is important to make sure plants have regular, deep watering during the first couple of growing seasons. In drier areas, or where soils do not retain water well, permanent irrigation is essential. Make sure they get the water where they need it, staring at the drip line and extending away from the tree up to several feet where the feeder roots will be.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Other plants are known as weeds, but they do the important work of repairing or protecting soils. Goumi berry trees do both of these things. Mulch is the solution so young trees aren’t crowded out.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
The small selection of flora that does this is called nitrogen-fixers. This natural action is beneficial to other plants because nitrogen is an integral part of fertilizer, so the plants growing near to nitrogen-fixers, like goumi, get a boost. It supplies its own fertilization via nitrogen-fixing bacteria nodules on its roots. In natural areas, nitrogen-fixing plants tend to be some of the first plants to show up after a disturbance like a fire or a mudslide. As a general guide, if your tree is producing about one foot of new growth a year and has healthy looking foliage, it may not need any fertilizer.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
One article said that goumi is not bothered by either. Here are some solutions from another: a) deer- browsed shortened branches, munched on leaves, or plants pulled up. Try 8 ft. woven wire or plastic mesh deer fence or plastic mesh deer fence or trained large dogs patrolling perimeter. b) bird- disappeared fruit or gaping holes in them. Can try reflective bird scare tape or bird netting. c) vole, mouse, rabbit- bark eaten in a band from soil level up to 8 in. and roots eaten too with mulch at base of trees. Remember to keep mulch 4-6 in. away from base of tree, keep grass short, and try vinyl tree guard wrapped until well-established. d) aphid- pear shaped insects on underside of leaves. Get natural predators (lady bugs, wasps) to control, insecticidal soap, plant dill or yarrow, or water spray to knock them off. e) Ant- large numerous insects scurrying on tree. Try to eliminate pathways into tree or controlling the ants will get other insects under control. f)Brown stink bug – feeding decay on fruits, nuts, berries, and leaves. Have to keep monitoring with traps or oils.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
Ripening in July, the fruit yield can be 10-15 bs. but may take 2 to 3 years after planting.
How to Harvest:
Goumi berries are best harvested by shaking the shrub and collecting the berries on a sheet below. This can be hard on the plant, however, and you need to be careful not to damage the tender young shoots. It helps to harvest the berries when they are at their ripest – they should be a deep scarlet color and not as acidic in flavor.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Berries that aren’t completely ripe have a notably and disappointing astringency, similar to that of persimmons but, berries that are ready for consumption are juicy, sweet, and tart, something akin to rhubarb. For the best flavor, growers have to be attentive around harvest time. These little bright red specimens can be eaten raw or cooked into jellies, jams, sauces, and pies. Goumi fruits pair well with other fruits such as apples, cranberries, blueberries, strawberries, and quince, rhubarb, brown sugar, vanilla, grape juice, thyme, ginger, lemon, and lime juice. Whole Goumi fruits should be immediately consumed for the best quality and flavor. The fruits are highly perishable and will only keep 1 to 2 days in the refrigerator.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:
There is also an oval, tan seed in the center of the flesh that is edible but has a fibrous, chewy texture, however, Goumi can be propagated by softwood and hardwood cuttings. (For seeds, a warm stratification for 4 weeks followed by 12-weeks cold stratification can help the seeds germinate.) Softwood cuttings of 2 ½ – 4 inches can be taken in July/August. Softwood cuttings are this year’s growth, the growth that started in the spring. This wood is usually a little more reddish color and last year’s wood is a little browner in color. Cut the softwood branches off of the plant. Then cut the branches down so they have two to four internodes. Internodes are any place a branch or leaf comes out. I usually go with three or four. Leave two leafs at the top and remove the bottom leafs. Hardwood cuttings of the current year’s growth, 4 – 5 inches with a heel, can be taken in November in a frame. Leave in the ground for 12 months before transplanting. Dip the bottoms of the cuttings in rooting hormone. Now it is time to place the cuttings into the ground. Push them into your planting medium about two inches down. Your planting medium should be something that drains freely and easily. You do not want to saturate the soil where disease and pathogens will proliferate. These little cuttings will die if the dry out. You don’t want to soak the ground, but you do want to keep the leaves wet. The best way to do this is with a mist irrigation system that automatically comes on.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

Goumi berries haven’t gotten a lot of attention in supermarkets because they don’t transport well. They are a great option in the home garden. In permaculture terms, it’s hard to get a species much better than this. Other native nitrogen-fixers are lupines and alders but aren’t edible. Goumi berries can be mixed in with your other plants as part of a polyculture. Young seedlings of the Goumi bush can be fairly thorny, very useful for a hedgerow. Older, mature plants and named varieties grown from cuttings have few if any thorns.

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