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Goji Berry

Goji Berry

Goji berry, wolfberry, matrimony vine, and gou-gi-zi are all common names for Lycium barbarum. tshade family of plants. The berries grow on shrubs of 3 to 5 feet (1-1.5 m.) in height, with long arching stems. These berries spring from bright purple, funnel-shaped flowers. Red, black or orange globular berries then form.
Introduction
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Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
If planting from seed it is helpful to Start seeds indoors in pots and plant outdoors in spring when they are one year old. Expect fruits in about three years from the time of sowing.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Goji berry plants can be drought tolerant but the regular red strains produce little or no fruit in a dry year. They are hardy to at least USDA zone 5. If you are not in the right zone, you might consider growing the plant in a container, allowing you to move it between the indoors and outdoors, as needed. Goji berry plants prefer well-draining soil with a more alkaline pH between 6.5 and 8.0. Plant the goji berry plant in a spot that receives at least 6 hours of sun.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Goji berry plants can be purchased online or found at local nurseries. Always check the scientific name (Lycium barbarum), so that you know you are buying the correct plant. Dried organic goji berries from the store often contain viable seeds. Clean the seeds to get them free of fruit pulp by soaking them in water, picking out the seeds and drying them on a rag or paper towel. The dried seeds can be picked off the paper towel and placed on the surface of well moistened potting soil. Gently press seeds into the soil and put a very thin sprinkling of soil over top. Use a gentle spray bottle to moisten the soil so that the tiny seeds don’t get washed all over. Keep them moist but not swampy and place them in a sunny spot or under grow lights. They need high humidity and bright light to start Description: Goji berry, wolfberry, matrimony vine, and goLycium barbarum. tshade family of plants. The berries grow in height, with long arching stems. These berries spring from flowers. Red, black or orange globular berries then form. germinating. Once seedlings appear over two inches they can be placed outdoors under shelter on a porch and allowed to mature for the summer. Once they reach over 6 inches they can be transplanted into larger pots. Young trees can be placed in a sheltered area, top dressed with mulch such as straw and left outside to winter over. They do better wintering over in containers if they are sitting on the earth or even partially buried in soil to benefit from the consistent soil temperature. In the spring allow them several weeks to come back to life, then transplant them out of their pots, in the garden in well prepared soil, in a permanent outdoor location. Plant young trees in either the spring or fall. When planting, mix 2/3 soil from the planting hole with 1/3 compost. Water thoroughly right after planting. Give them lots of space to spread out over the years and become a bushy patch. Allow the plant to grow several feet tall with support. Alternatively, you may prune the plant to about 4′ and grow it more like a shrub. They can make an excellent food hedge. Because they send out long branches they can be used as a landscaping feature cascading out of a rock feature, or hanging down from ledges, as long as they can have enough growing space to put down tap roots.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Because goji berry is a member of the nightshade family, it is advisable to keep them away from other nightshade type plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco and ground cherries. It is best to separate them out so their predators have a harder time finding them. Because goji berries need lots of sun but like moist roots, a flowering plant that attracts pollinators and creates a living mulch such as Canadian Anemone, helps to keep the soil moist and promotes a good bacterial population for healthy shrubs.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Goji bushes benefit from pruning, but don’t prune a Goji berry plant in the first year. In year 2, choose a main shoot and prune all others below it about 15” from the ground. When the plant reaches 2 feet tall in the summer, pinch out the growing tips to cause side branching where the fruit will be born. After your main structure is established, just prune back to the height you want to keep it. Always remove branches within 15” of the ground. Prune any unproductive branches. Thin out branches after the berry season.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Goji bushes need extra moisture when producing berries so they should be watered if you don’t have a regular growing season. It is better to water mature bushes deeply and less often, so that the roots go deep to hold up the tree.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Mulching around young bushes help prevent them from being overwhelmed by weeds but this is not a concern once they are larger and it can actually be helpful for them to be surrounded by weeds. Bare soil is not goji berries’ friend as it dries out too quickly and they like moist but not swampy roots. (See the reference to living mulches above.)
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
It is helpful to start goji bushes off in soil mixed with compost. They don’t need a lot of nitrogen so top dressing annually with compost is sufficient. Goji bushes need phosphorus to flower and produce fruit. This can be acquired naturally from compost.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Birds LOVE Goji berries. You can put netting over them to keep the birds off. The fringe benefit is that the bird droppings will contain happy seeds and new goji berry seedlings that can be transplanted elsewhere or given away, will volunteer in your garden year after year. Gojo berry seedlings will benefit from Jadam foliar sprays, especially in moist areas where mildew thrives. Goji berry is susceptible to various sucking insects such as aphids, leaf hoppers, and spider mites. Like tomatoes, they can suffer from blossom end rot, which results from a calcium deficiency. Adding crushed and calcined eggshells to the soil corrects this. There is also a Korean Natural Farming solution for a foliar spray that solves this problem.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
The goji berry plant may flower and fruit the first growing season. The small flowers are a pretty light purplish color. As the plant gets older, you will have a longer fruiting time period. At around four years old, the plant will likely produce fruit most of the growing season, which is May through October.
How to Harvest:
Berries can be hand picked. The berries can be eaten fresh, dried, or juiced.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Fresh Goji Berries keep for a week in the fridge but it is best to eat them immediately or dry them to reduce loss of vitamin c.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Goji Berries dehydrate well and can keep for many months dried in a sealed container. They also make great jams.
Seed Saving:
Seeds can be extracted from fruit by soaking and patience, but the seeds stay viable in the dried berries.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

Goji berry plants have been grown and used in China for centuries. Goji berries contain all the essential amino acids and are high in protein and antioxidants. VARIETIES Arizona Desert-Thorn – Lycium Exsertum Desert-Thorn varieties, as an example, will always need dry climates similar to desert conditions. Pale Desert-Thorn establish better in gardens. The rarest variety is the black goji berry shrub.

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