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Frankincense

Frankincense

Frankincense can be grown from seed or cuttings but is most commonly harvested from the bark of the frankincense tree. Frankincense is an aromatic resin (driedsap) obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. There are several species of Boswellia that produce true frankincense: Boswellia sacra, B. frereana, B. serrata, and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades, which depend on the time of harvesting. The resin is hand-sorted for quality. They are short, gnarled, knotty trees growing under the harshest desert conditions.
Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Where to grow: Frankincense can be grown throughout the year in USDA hardiness zones of zone 11 and 12. Frankincense can be grown in many parts of the world, but it likes a dry and hot climate. It is native to Africa and thrives in areas with low rainfall. The trees grow well on rocky hillsides where there are plenty of sunny days during the year. This makes it an excellent tree to plant in dry climates like Southern California, Arizona, or Nevada, as they get an abundance of sun each day. The time to plant frankincense is after the rainy season.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
For soil preparation, place a tarp or sheet of plastic on the ground. Dig up dirt to create an area about 16 inches deep and with the exact dimensions of your container. Mix in one part potting soil, two parts compost, and three parts sand for best results. Line your planting container with newspaper or wet burlap sacks, then scoop out enough mixture to fill the container. Press down firmly with your hands all over before watering well to settle and moisten it thoroughly. Make sure that your frankincense is in a sunny location, preferably one near an open window or door if space allows. A south-facing exposure will be best, but west or east exposures are also acceptable if you protect the plant from frost. To help keep moisture in, be sure to place a tray beneath your container so that it can catch any runoff water and do not allow the soil to dry out completely between watering sessions. Frankincense is a drought-tolerant plant and will grow in full sun to partial shade. It is not tolerant of frost.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
How to propagate: The easiest way is to cut from an established plant and insert the tip into moist soil mixed with sand. It should root within one month as long as it has enough light, water, and warmth. If by seed, dig a hole that is at least 2 inches deep and 1 inch wide in the soil. Place a half-and half mixture of limestone and sand in the soil. Spread your frankincense seeds over the sand and limestone. You can purchase your seeds at your local garden store or online, which may be sold as Boswellia seeds instead. Cover the seeds with a 1/4-inch layer of sand and limestone, and pack down the seed bed. Water the seed bed immediate with 1/2 cup of water. Continue watering the seed bed two to three times a day or whenever the soil is extremely dry. Wait until about 2-3 weeks for the seedling to sprout.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Frankincense trees are generally hard to kill, but they can be susceptible to fire and drought damage if not cared for properly.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Watering frankincense is not tricky, but it does need to be done with a good amount of care. These plants require well-draining soil and can withstand drought conditions for up to six weeks before they begin to wilt. To water your plant, you will want to avoid overhead watering because this may cause the leaves on top of the soil to rot. Instead, water thoroughly from below by placing a few inches of water in a saucer and letting it collect for about two hours before giving your plant its next drink. Keep the soil moist by watering daily during dry weather; this will also discourage pests from coming close and help keep moisture in the air due to evaporation. You may want to consider building a small pond or urn in your yard to help with this.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
The best fertilizer is organic compost. It’s essential to keep in mind that too much nitrogen will promote leaf growth, and not enough may cause the tree to produce fewer flowers, so it may be worth incorporating other fertilizers from time to time. Organic compost like cow manure or straw are suitable for adding nutrients to the soil. Guano and Manure are organic fertilizers that may contain high levels of nitrogen, so they should be used in moderation. Some growers apply ascorbic acid to the soil or spray it on trees. Worm castings, which are high in nitrogen and phosphorous, can be used as a fertilizer for plants that require more nutrition than other types of soil will provide.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
The best way to get rid of pests and diseases is through prevention. Put a physical barrier between the tree or plants, such as chickens with peck protection. This will discourage most bugs from feeding on your trees. If you find that some critters are still getting into your yard, use an all-natural spray available at gardening stores. If you have an infestation of pests or diseases, early detection is key. Look for wilting leaves and yellowing plant parts warning signs that your tree might be under attack from a pest. You can also check the direction of the leaf veins on young plants to see if they are going in opposite directions than usual; this indicates possible insect infestation. To prevent an infestation, start by using a mulch of hay or straw around your tree to help keep the moisture level up and discourage crawling pests from coming into contact with the surface roots. Treat any wounds on the trunk with sealant after they have healed over (this will also reduce chances for disease).
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
Frankincense trees can take up to four years before they produce any frankincense extract. Once the tree is seven years old, itwill start producing a few drops of oil every year—the production rate increases with age and size. Once collected from the bark through small incisions in their trunk or branch, the frankincense oil takes up to eight hours to seep out.
How to Harvest:
The resin is hand-sorted for quality. Cuts are made into the trunks and branches of the trees that react by producing resin to cover the wound and prevent infection. Harvesters then come by and harvest the resin, then make more cuts.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Using a smooth surfaced deep mortar (brass for resins) and spreading a spare hand over the opening will cut down on escapes. Avoid wood, porous stone, or unglazed clay. Mortar and pestle offers an opportunity to connect with the material and the process on a personal, experiential level which can contribute to the quality of the products we create. When time is limited, and grinding larger quantities of resins, an electric coffee grinder or herb grinders work well. Burr mills are not suitable. Large ½ inch and up resins need to be broken down before grinding. Insert chunks into a ziplock bag and pound them judiciously with a hammer so the grinder can handle them. Spread the powder out to dry. If a finer powder is needed then ground and dry again. Three times should achieve a fine loose powder that will not clump for capsule filling. Sticky resin residue cleanup is accomplished with vegetable oil and a steel brillo pad. Oil resin/blend is dissolved with dish soap, warm water, and rinsing. For the electric grinder, fill 1/3 or 1/2 cup of raw rice and make a powder. Then wipe with a damp cloth.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:
To achieve the best germination, you should soak the seeds in water for 24 hours in room temperature, and then sow them in sowing mix at a temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius.The seeds only have to be very lightly covered with soil. It’s best to spray some water on the soil every morning, so that the upper lay becomes moist. This can dry up later in the afternoon or evening, after which you water the soil again in the morning. On this way, you can simulate the morning fog that often comes up in its original habitat. Sowing time is all year round.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

There’s a successful grower in the Sonoran Desert (Tempe, AZ).

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