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Corn

Corn

Bred into hundreds of varieties by Indigenous peoples of North and South America,corn is
an annual member of the grass family. Corn is a warm-season crop, and it does best in temperatures
between 60 degrees and 95 degrees Fahrenheit (which corresponds with the spring and summer
growing seasons of many parts of North America). It grows 5-8 feet tall.


VARIETIES: Silver Queen, Seneca Chief , Utopia, Golden Bantam, Seneca Horizon.
Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Most gardeners plant their corn two weeks after the last frost in their area. If your area has a short warm-weather season, consider covering your planted corn seeds underneath a black plastic sheet to keep them warm and help them germinate. After your soil temperature warms to 60 degrees Fahrenheit, it’s time for planting corn.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Corn needs full sun for optimal growing conditions, so choose an area that gets at least six hours per day. For the soil, opt for loose, well-draining soil rich with organic matter. If your soil doesn’t already have a lot of nutrients, mix in aged manure or compost.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Since corn pollination happens by wind, corn stalks need other stalks nearby in order to produce ears; plant your corn in short rows in a rectangular bed rather than one long row; this will help cross- pollination. Pollen is produced on the tassels that form at the tops of the plants. The female receptacle is the silk at the top of each ear. Every strand of silk pollinates one kernel. Sow the corn seeds. You’ll see more success with corn if you plant the seeds directly in the ground, rather than if you start corn indoors and transplant. Plant seeds one and one half inches deep, every two or three inches, in rows spaced roughly thirty inches apart. Water. Immediately after planting, water thoroughly. Once the stalks are about six inches tall, thin the rows so that every corn stalk is twelve inches apart.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Corn is one of the traditional three sisters planting. It likes to grow with beans and squash. Sweet corn does well with potatoes, peas, beans, cucumbers, pumpkin and squash. Corn is hindered by tomatoes which will compete for nitrogen and the tomato fruit worm is identical to the corn ear worm.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Corn is meant to grow quickly, so it needs a lot of consistent water to keep from wilting. Make sure to keep the soil moist; if you’re having difficulties with this, mulch around the base of your corn to help retain moisture.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Mulching helps prevent control weeds while plants are small. Corn grows tall and is not easily overwhelmed by weeds once it is mature. It benefits from nitrogen fixing weeds such as clover. Corn roots are shallow so it is not advised to till between rows.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Corn plants are heavy feeders, which means that they need more nutrients than other plants in order to produce an adequate crop. For the best corn yield, fertilize your corn three times over their growth: first when they’re ten inches tall, then in the mid season when they’re eighteen inches tall, and finally when tassels start to form on their ears. Compost and well composted manure is beneficial for nitrogen loving corn. There is an old trick of burying fish heads and discards from cleaning deep under the corn patch to provide nitrogen. This can be successful as long as the fish is buried deep enough that it doesn’t attract animals that will dig up the patch for it. Odorless marigolds planted next to corn deters Japanese beetles which attack the silks. Growing sunflowers in alternating strips with double rows of corn between have been known to reduce fall army worm.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Raccoons Love Corn. You may have to get a dog to guard your patch. Birds are also attracted to growing ears of corn. To protect your crop, cover the ears with paper bags. This is only practical in smaller garden crops. Make sure that you do this only after fertilization otherwise, the ears will not develop corn kernels. Electric fencing around a corn field helps deter larger foraging animals. Corn can fall prey to many different insects, that is why is it heavily sprayed with pesticides in large scale farming operations. Common insects that attack corn include corn earworms, flea beetles, corn borers, and cut worms. You can handpick pests off of corn stalks as an organic deterrent. Corn smut is an air borne fungus that causes an immense swelling of kernels. Cut off and burn affected corn before the kernels burst and spread spores.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
When the husks darken and the silks turn brown, it’s harvest time. Visit your crop in the morning. Ears of corn will be freshest and sweetest in the morning, before they’ve been exposed to long hours in the sun.
How to Harvest:
To harvest an ear of corn, take it in your hand and sharply twist downward; it should easily release from the stalk.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
To preserve the sweetness of your harvest, put the ears into cold water. Different varieties of corn will hold their sweetness longer than others; for instance, lower-sugar-content sweet corn varieties, like silver queen, will lose flavor quickly, while the more sugary super sweet corn varieties will stay sweeter longer. Harvested corn will last in the refrigerator for up to five days. To lengthen the storage life, blanch ears of corn and freeze them for up to six months.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Corn can be cut off the cob, pickled as a relish and preserved in jars. Corn can also be dried and ground into a flour that can be used in winter to make tortillas and corn bread.
Seed Saving:
If you are trying to keep a pure variety of corn, different varieties should be separated by a tall crop such as sunflowers and kept far apart. Growing varieties that mature at different times helps to prevent cross pollination. Individual kernels can be shelled by hand, with a hand corn sheller,or with a mechanical sheller. If using a sheller, seed savers must take care to avoid damaging the kernels, especially if saving a sweet corn variety, as sweet corn seeds are especially fragile. Seeds savers often shell sweet corn by hand to prevent damage to the seeds. The large, heavy seeds separate easily from the chaff through screening and winnowing. When stored under cool, dry conditions, sweet corn seeds can be expected to remain viable for two to three years. The expected longevity for field corn seeds is at least five years.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

There are specific varieties grown for popping corn. It was considered good luck to find a multi-colored head of corn and that is how it became a tradition to display dried colorful corn stalks in North American homes.

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