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Chia

Chia

It is an edible seed also rich in nutrients that comes from the desert plant Salvia hispanica, a species of flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). Chia seeds are an unprocessed, whole-grain food. The plant has a height of 3 to 5 feet with a wide width of several feet. There are abundant upright spikes of blooms at the end of the stems with blue or white colors.
Introduction
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Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
If you stick to the right conditions, they can be grown in hardiness zones 8 to 12 and will not be mostly affected by frost. Frost can kill immature plants and may prevent flowering on mature plants but If you don’t live in these zones, you can still plant chia as an annual. In zones 8, 12 and 13, chia is a good choice. In Ontario, chia can’t be produced under growing conditions because it requires a short day photo period for flowering. These plants need warm temperatures to begin growth. Chia seeds germinate in 3 to 14 days by keeping warm with bright light and adequate moisture (you can cover the seed tray with a plastic cover).
Optimal Soil Conditions:
In Chia’s opinion, a location with full sun and sandy or loamy, well drained soil is ideal. Perhaps aim for a pH of 6.0 to 8.5. They’re desert plants, so they can’t stand wet feet. Chia plants can grow quite large even though they are tiny seeds and will do their best in a garden bed than pots since they require quite a bit of space comparable to a bush or small tree.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
You can plant chia as an annual or perennial. As an annual, plant seedlings, or sow the seeds 12 inches apart. As a perennial, space about 18 inches apart. This is to allow the chia to spread out. Let one or two bolt and drop their seed so they regrow next season. Plant in autumn and barely covert hem with soil. If you do use a large container, 20 gallons is sufficient. This way, you can still get a nice seed harvest.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Plant chia with: sage, mint, thyme, parsley, cilantro but because of their height, plant with herbs that won’t compete with height.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

There is no need to prune chia. If any flowers die before it’s time to harvest the seeds, remove the dead flower to encourage the growth of new flowers.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Water your chia each day when the plant is very young. Once it becomes established, water the mature plant only when there isn’t a lot of rain. Chia is reasonably drought tolerant and accepts intermittent watering. Chia plants should not be watered excessively.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Ways to prevent fusarium wilt include: remove all weeds, remove all debris from the chia plants, use certified seeds, and clean all gardening equipment. (another standard is to rake your chia plants each autumn.)
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Before planting chia, dig well-rotted manure into the soil a week or two before planting. Once the chia takes off, you don’t need to re-fertilize. (deficiency of nitrogen will negatively impact flower formation and seed yield.)
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Natural compounds in the leaves of chia plants prevent most bugs. They are easy to grow organically. In some cases, you may find the plant happy and healthy even when other plants have succumbed to rampant disease. Still, the following may impact chia plants. Fusarium wilt- a serious fungus that affects many plants. If your plants contract it, it withers and eventually dies. Try neem oil spraying because you will be eating the seeds or making tea so no chemical residue is a concern. Neem oil has been shown to inhibit fusarium wilt, so use it as a preventative spray. Cucumber mosaic virus- this devastating virus is one of the most common plant viruses in the world. Leaves become mottled or blistered with white, green, or yellow blisters. The leaves curl up and become crinkled. The chia plant will be stunted in growth. Unfortunately, if your plant gets it, you must remove it and either burn or bag up the plant material. Prevention is essential. Use neem oil as a preventative spray. It is often spread by aphids, so if you control aphids, you prevent many other plant problems.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
The plant will flower after about 12 weeks of growth. Sometimes achieving flowering can be a challenge, but that’s generally due to insufficient temperature. Plants do best when it’s above 85°F.
How to Harvest:
Timing is key. If you don’t harvest in time, the chia plant will self- seed and drop your harvest. As soon as the petals have mostly fallen off the flower, snip the flower heads off. Chia seeds are always sold raw, and you can plant the same ones you’d use in the kitchen. Thin out the chia sprouts after they are a few inches tall, leaving about 12-18 inches of spacing on each side.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
You can keep them in the pantry for a year on average and 3 years in the refrigerator. If you don’t want to plant the seeds in the garden, but still want the health benefits of chia, use the sprouts as microgreens. The seeds will germinate quickly. Snip off when they reach a few inches tall. Put a seed raising mix in a shallow, wide container. Sprinkle chia seeds over the surface and water. Don’t worry about burying them.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:
Don’t hang chia flowers to dry or you’ll get up in the morning to find all the seeds have fallen on the floor. Instead, put them in paper bags to dry. When the flowers are dry, carefully remove and place on a flat, clean and dry table. Simply crush and roll with the palm of your hand and the seeds will easily come out. Brush into a sieve and move the seeds around to push through small dust. Remove any plant bits you don’t want. Get the kids involved. Chia seed harvesting is easy and fun for children. Store the seeds in glass containers

Harvest and Storage

Notes

You may have seen white and black chia seeds in the store. Those seeds don’t come from different varieties, they’re from the same plant, Salvia Hispanica. However, if you plant white seeds, you’re more likely to get a plant with more white seeds. Black chia seeds have slightly more protein, but the difference is small. If you see brown seeds, they’re either immature or not chia seeds at all.

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