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Che Tree

Che Tree

(Mandarian Melonberry) This under appreciated perennial, dioecious (male and female
flowers on different plants) tree has fruit related to mulberry and fig with growing heights of 25 feet
and the same width if left to grow for about 30 years. It’s family is Moraceae. The bark ripples with
deep furrows and in the spring thru summer both types of flowers are green and pea- sized. The
male flowers turn yellow as the pollen ripens and is released, while the wind-pollinated female
flowers develop many small stigmas over the surface of the immature fruit. Male plants occasionally
have a few female flowers which will set fruit. Female trees are larger and more robust than male
trees. The che fruit is not a berry but a collective fruit, in appearance somewhat like a round mulberry
crossed with a lychee, 1 to 2 inches in diameter. The ripe fruits are an attractive red or maroon-red
color with a juicy, rich red flesh inside and 3 to 6 small brown seeds per fruit. Ripe fruit have a sweet
flavor which is often compared to that of a fig with notes of watermelon. Alternative names are
Chinese mulberry, Silkworm tree, and Mandarin Melon Berry.

Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
The growing hardiness zones are 5 to 10. Cooler climates may have insufficient summer heat to fully ripen the fruit. This tree only produces fruit when it is pollinated. It’s important to note that planting a male pollinator tree or grafting a male branch onto an existing tree is recommended for zones 6 and below. Cold tolerance – 20°F (-28 °C).
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Planting in general is easy. There’s no fuss with soil types, they’ll thrive from Virginia south into middle Florida. To ripen the fruit, hot summers are best. Full sun location is best. Che will grow in a range of soil types provided that the roots stay evenly moist throughout the heat of the summer. Deep, well drained loam is ideal. PH preference is 6.0 to 6.5.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Can consider spacing in a 14 ft circle but others will say the grafted trees should be planted on 20 ft (6.1) centers. Placement of the tree should be in the open or along side of small trees like Filberts or Apples. You can obtain a grafted tree, small sized 1-2′, or large size 3′ tall but get one with a strong central leader. A graft example is for a root stock to be an Osage Orange, which is another relative, so that as the plant matures it will develop less of a bush and more of a standard tree form. (Che on its own roots can sucker while the Osage trees are single trunk).
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Keep it pruned for a smaller size for it’s very fast growing.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
The first year is a critical time for the establishment of a new tree. Water thoroughly twice a week on light soils and once a week on clay soils. Soak the entire root system deeply – this usually takes 40-50 minutes. It should receive at least 1 inch of water each week for best growth and fruit production. Water regularly, especially during dry periods. Fruit may drop prematurely if insufficiently irrigated during dry spells.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
For the 1st few years keep weeds and grass away from the plant and water when necessary.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Check the fertilizer for iron, zinc, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, copper and boron. These minor elements are very important to plants and most soils are low in these elements. It’s best to use a brand you know and trust since heavy salts in cheap brands can damage roots or can kill a plant.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
No spraying is necessary since this tree appears to be free of pests and diseases. Birds will eat the fruit if you are late to harvest. Maybe protect young trees with a circle of wire mesh to keep the deer away.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
The Che tree yields fruit after 2-3 years. Che fruit season starts summer thru autumn with a ripened red fruit. In zone 6 such as Front Royal, VA, they ripen in late September or October.
How to Harvest:
Their cropping habit is splendid. Be patient with their harvest because they are tasteless until softened and dead ripe. Do not expect the fruits to drop into your hands at that time; each che has to be plucked individually (a case for parthenocarpy). Likewise, do not expect to pick the fruits all at once, because they have a long ripening season, a month or more. A darker shade of red with some blackening of the skin is a good indication of full ripeness. You’ll know the fruit is ripe when the stem doesn’t bleed white sap after picking. Do not pull the fruit from the tree. If it doesn’t come off with a gentle pull give it another day. If you pull the fruit off with force it will be dripping sap and will not taste good.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Fruit stains like mulberries. The fruit is edible raw and good as juice, jams, preserves, cakes, or use fresh in fruit salad.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:
The che is readily grown from seed, although the plants can take up to 10 years to bear. Seeds should be sown as soon as extracted from the fruit. The plants are often propagated from softwood cuttings taken in midsummer and treated with rooting hormone. The che is also easily grafted to Osage orange rootstock using either a cleft or whip-and-tongue graft.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

(No information available for companion plants on this tree.) The plants have been valued by the Chinese for their leaves, as feed for silkworms. Although the silk produced from them was said to produce lute strings with a particularly clear sound, their leaves were used only to supplement mulberry leaves as feed, perhaps because thorny stems make picking them more difficult. Young plants have small thorns so terminal branches may be armed with sharp thorns that will give way in a mature tree. No fruit is produced by the Male but without his flowers the Female won’t fruit. The Male will cause seeds to be produced in the fruit of any Female Melonberry variety within pollination range. If you have a Female Melonberry that isn’t producing well or drops all its fruit, and you don’t mind seeds in the fruit, then plant a Male Melonberry within 15-20 ft of the Female. On the other hand, because space is usually limited, savvy gardeners have planted the male and female che in the same hole. The male is kept pruned to about ¼ of the total canopy for adequate pollination and best fruit production. Plant away from walks, drives or patio, as fallen fruit stains porous surfaces. Unlike most Che, Seedless Che does not need a male to set fruit. Do not plant a male tree with a Seedless Che or the fruits will be seedy.

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