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Beans Common, Snap – Pole Beans, Bush Beans

Beans Common, Snap – Pole Beans, Bush Beans

The common bean was grown by Indigenous people in North America long
before first contact. The Pole Bean is referred to as one of the “Three Sisters”, Climbing Beans,
Corn and Squash, companion plants that grow together well and are complimentary foods when
eaten together. Bush beans, now known as Snap Beans, over many centuries gradually made
their way North from South America, through trade and then were distributed to the old world
to compliment the many varieties that came from Europe and the East. Beans can be eaten
raw, in the pod off the vine, cooked or when allowed to mature fully, the seeds can be removed
from the pod and dried for long term storage. Beans have been eaten worldwide by humans for
millennia as an extremely varied and versatile food source. In perfect growing conditions they
are very prolific and dependable. Snap beans are the variety that is routinely eaten with the
pods intact.
Introduction
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Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Usually seeded directly into the garden around the last frost date at two-three week intervals until mid summer to provide an ongoing harvest. Beans will germinate in 8-16 days, depending on the warmth of the soil. Beans Like full sun so plant in a location that is not shaded.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Well drained soil with compost – beans do not like wet feet. Snap Beans are not frost hardy and require warm soil to germinate and grow. Temperature must be above 50 degrees F (10 degrees C) but beans do not germinate well in very hot soil.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Plant Bush bean seeds 1 inch deep and 2 inches apart, thinning later to 4 inches apart. Set rows about 1 foot apart to give mature bushes enough space. Planting extra seeds and thinning later allows for seeds that don’t come up or grow poor shoots. Plant pole bean seeds at 2 inch intervals along a fence or trellis, thinning later to 6 inches apart, or plant 4 seeds around a 6 foot pole. Bush beans with grow up to 18 inches tall on sturdy plants but pole or climbing beans need a supporting trellis and will grow up to 8 feet. Seeds can be pre-soaked or even pre-germinated in moist paper towel before being carefully planted. It is helpful to treat beans with a nitrogen fixing inoculant, available from many garden centres, if they are to be grown in a spot where beans have never grown before.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Bush Bean Companions – carrots, cucumbers, strawberries, celery – hindered by onions, garlic & fennel. Pole Bean Companions – Carrots, cauliflower, Corn, radishes, summer savoury – hindered by onions, garlic, shallots, chives, beets, kohlrabi & sunflowers.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Beans need moisture but should not be over watered. As they are susceptible to fungus they benefit from drip irrigation that does not get excess moisture on the leaves.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Mulch between the rows and around trellises to reduce competition from weeds.
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Beans are not heavy feeders, they feed the soil they grow in. They benefit from some compost. As part of the legume family of plants that fix nitrogen in the soil, they are beneficial to plants that need nitrogen, such as corn.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Fungus diseases are common on bean pods, especially in damp weather. Do not tend wet plants as this can spread fungus. Discard discoloured pods and beans. Marigolds Deter Mexican Bean Beetles. Summer Savoury deters bean beetles.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
Seed breeding has resulted in short season varieties but generally, beans need about two months to mature fully if you plan on using dried seeds. Bush beans mature 45-50 days from planting. Pole Beans mature 55-70 days from planting.
How to Harvest:
Beans can be picked in the pod when they are pencil thickness or less or before the beans inside swell noticeably and the pods discolour. They can be eaten raw or steamed. Continued picking prolongs the harvest. You will have a regular ongoing harvest of beans with a batch every 3-4 days for three weeks or longer if you sow the seeds ongoing at weekly intervals in the spring. Beans can be left to mature on the vine, brought in to dry for long term storage.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
If properly dried and stored in jars, beans will last a very long time. Dry beans can be stored on the shelf in a regular kitchen but will last longer if kept in a cool place, without moisture.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Fresh Snap Beans in the pod can be canned or blanched and frozen.
Seed Saving:
Seeds that are allowed to mature fully on the vine can be brought in and dried to plant next year.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

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