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Bay Laurel

Bay Laurel

Delicious, fragrant bay leaves come from the bay laurel, a perennial shrub or tree with pale yellow
flowers and black fruit, attractive olive-to- reddish bark, and dark leathery leaves.


Bay leaves are incredibly versatile. The herb’s flavor complements rice dishes, soups and stews, Catalan and Greek recipes, and Creole cuisine. Bay leaf also works in pantries to repel grain beetles and silverfish, and it lends its aroma to candles, holiday wreaths, and potpourris.


Common Names: Bay Leaf, Bay laurel, Grecian laurel, Sweet bay, and California laurel
Plant Type and Size: Evergreen Tree/Shrub (trees can grow up to 25 feet).


Hardiness Zones 8 and above, if you live in zones 8-11, you can grow a 25 to 60 foot tall bay laurel tree outdoors, and it will give you more bay leaves than you will ever need in a lifetime. They are beautiful and aromatic, so if you live in those zones, it might be worth growing them.

Introduction
Mr. John Doe

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Description

Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
Optimal Soil Conditions:
While Bay laurel isn’t fussy about soil types, it benefits from somewhat sandy soil that drains well. Soil pH of 4.5 – 8.2 is optimal.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Since laurel is so slow-growing, starting from seed is not recommended. To propagate a bay laurel, obtain a six inch stem cutting from a semi-ripe stem, taken toward the end of July. Remove the lower leaves, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and insert into moist soil. Throughout the rooting process, maintain moist soil and keep the cutting in the shade. When the roots have developed, new leaves will appear above the soil. Once it is about 12 inches tall, plant your bay laurel outdoors. Transplant Bay laurel when it is semi-dormant, between fall and spring. Bay laurels don’t propagate easily, so propagate multiple stems at once. When planting in the garden, make sure the location has good drainage, as bay laurel tolerates many soil types, but not poor drainage. This plant also dislikes strong winds, so give them a protected location. You can create a fragrant hedge by planting the laurels about 2-3 feet apart and pruning. Prepare each planting hole with plenty of room for roots to spread out, about three times the size of the root ball, and mix some compost with the original soil. Remove the sapling from its pot, shake off old soil, and untangle the roots. For good drainage, make a cone in the center of the planting space that will support the roots’ center above excess water but allow roots to trail down to seek moisture. Spread the roots out evenly over the cone. The tree’s soil line, where the trunk meets roots should end up even with the surrounding soil. Fill in the hole with the soil-compost mix, water, and add a supporting stake if necessary. If you are planting your bay laurel in the ground, allow several feet of space around it. If planting in a container, choose one that is at least five gallons.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Bay Laurel is known for repelling pests, so is a welcome helper around the garden.

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

This slow-growing tree can be grown indoors, but in a warm climate, it will grow faster and taller if planted outdoors in soil. Bay laurel will need partial shade and protection from the burning afternoon sun, and it will also need protection from frost if you live in a cold climate. You can move the plant indoors for the winter if you grow it in a container on your patio that can be moved—for instance on a stand with wheels. Native to the Mediterranean, the bay laurel is accustomed to living in bright sunlight, although they will also do fine in partial shade. When choosing a location for your bay laurel, find a spot that receives plenty of sunshine but also has some protection from strong winds, which can damage these plants. If you are growing a bay laurel indoors, place it in a south-facing window to get maximum sun exposure.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Water deeply once or twice a week, when the top one to two inches of soil are dry. Check to make sure the water is draining rather than pooling around roots and causing rot and disease. Reduce water during the winter. Once or twice a year, shower the plant with water to remove dust, cobwebs, etc. from the leaves. Bay laurel enjoys moderate humidity and even coastal conditions like the Mediterranean region offers. There’s not much to do to regulate outdoor humidity aside from adjusting your irrigation, but keep this in mind when selecting an indoor location for laurels in containers.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Amend the soil with an organic fertilizer that promotes vegetative growth. Stay away from one that stimulates flowering or fruiting. During the growing season, feed your bay laurel with organic compost or nitrogen-rich fertilizer about once every two weeks for optimal growth.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Scale is the most likely pest to trouble a bay laurel plant. Sap-sucking scale insects can look like tiny barnacles or a waxy white coating along the branches. To remedy scale it is recommended that during the dormant season, you use a soft-bristled brush to scrub off the scale, and then apply horticultural oil (like Neem oil). If you see yellowing leaves or branches, look closely for scale, and remove any branches if they are dying. Bay laurels are largely resistant to pests and diseases, although the sap in the tree does attract a few insects, namely aphids and psyllids. If your bay laurel is affected by either of these bugs, you can treat the infestation with neem oil. If you are harvesting your bay leaves for cooking, it’s important to use non-toxic organic insecticides to take care of any infestations. Another common disease is anthracnose, which can be cured by pruning away affected leaves and foliage.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
You can pick a few fresh, mature leaves at any time. But keep in mind that, according to one source, leaves should not be picked when the plant is wet, let soil dry out and pick between watering. The flavor may mellow if you pick leaves and allow them to dry in the shade for two to three days. Freshly dried leaves have the best flavor, so store dry leaves in an airtight container out of sunlight, if you aren’t going to use them right away.
How to Harvest:
Pick as many leaves as needed from mature plants. Bay leaves can be harvested all year round. If you are harvesting bay leaves from an outdoor plant, be sure to rinse or wipe them off before using them in order to remove any dirt or insects. Cooking is the most common use for bay leaves. Adding bay leaves to soups, stews, and, casseroles. Pruning – Left unpruned, bay laurels can grow quite large, around 50 to 60 feet high, although on average they reach a mature height of 20 to 25 feet. Retaining the central leader (trunk will encourage height. However, this is a very malleable tree and can be kept much smaller, particularly if you want to use it as a border or screen in your garden. Container- bound bay laurels will typically reach a mature size of five to six feet. Bay laurels grow slowly, usually at a rate of a few inches per year. As an ornamental tree, bay laurels can be pruned to almost any shape — spherical or pyramid shapes being the most popular. Young plants with few branches should be pruned lightly. Prune your mature bay laurel annually in late winter to keep it neat and to maintain the desired shape. Remove damaged branches and overgrown stems with sharp, clean shears. Prune no more than 25% each year. Bay laurels can also be trained to grow as shrubs by allowing the suckers to develop into their own branches. To do this, prune back the stem lengths and keep the height low to encourage the plant to spread wider rather than growing upward.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
Bay is best dried and stored in an airtight container in a cool dry place.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:

Harvest and Storage

Notes

Bay leaves are toxic to Dogs, Cats and Horses. While humans frequently use bay leaves in cooking, the herb can be toxic to animals when consumed in large quantities. Animals affected by bay leaf toxicity include dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms of poisoning from bay leaves include diarrhea and vomiting. Bay leaves are not toxic to humans, but they are typically removed from dishes before serving because they do not break down while cooking and can be unpleasant or a choking hazard. Bay laurel trees have extensive root systems that can be invasive. If you are planting a bay laurel in the ground, be sure you plant it a reasonable distance from your home or any other structures. Do not plant bay laurel trees near a swimming pool or sewer lines, or on top of a septic tank. If you are concerned about invasive roots in your yard, it may be best to keep your bay laurel in a container.

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