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Almond Tree

Almond Tree

The deciduous almond tree’s fruit is a drupe, encased by an outer hull containing a woody shell. Within the genus Prunus, it is classified with the peach in the subgenus Amygdalus, Almonds trees produce very sweet blossoms in the spring, to attract the bees for pollination. Don’t be alarmed if your trees are crawling with bees. That’s what you want.
Introduction
Mr. John Doe

Head Director

Description

Almond trees do best with hot summers and mild winters and do not usually grow at all in colder climates, unless you have a large, carefully-controlled indoor growing setup. You have two options for starting your almond tree, either use seeds (fresh, unprocessed nuts) or seedlings (young trees). Though technically a fruit, the almond fruit is very leathery and usually just referred to as the hull or husk of the seed. It’s not an edible fruit. For edible almonds, you want to plant sweet almonds not bitter almonds (very toxic if eaten). They are two different kinds of trees. It would have to be a large greenhouse to grow in because generally, they are between 13 to 33 feet tall. If you want to grow almond trees for their nuts, you must plant two trees of different varieties.
Optimal Time/Temperature for Germination:
For almonds, you’ll want your area to have a hardiness zone rating of at least 6, higher is better. (central and southern California as well as parts of Arizona, Texas, and inland Florida.) Begin germinating the seeds in the fall so the almond tree sprouts in early spring. If you’re growing your almond tree from a seed (which are just almond nuts surrounded by their protective husks), start by germinating the seed in a controlled environment — once it’s started, you can plant it in a pot or in the ground. First, gather your seeds in a single large bowl (the more you use, the better — some may not sprout or may succumb to mold). Then, germinate them according to the following steps: Add water and let the seeds soak overnight. The next day, use a nutcracker to crack the almond shells open slightly, the shell should still hold itself together, but you should just be able to see the nut inside. Throw away any seeds that show signs of mold. Fill a few small flowerpots with potting soil. Make sure the pots have holes on the bottom for drainage. Plant the seeds an inch or two under the surface of the soil with the cracks pointing upward. Rest the flowerpot indoors in an area that will receive direct sunlight. Now, just wait for seedlings to sprout.
Optimal Soil Conditions:
Soil PH 6.5 to 8 Almond trees do well with lots of sun. Before you get started, find a spot in your yard or garden that gets plenty of full, direct sun, free from shade. You will grow the almond tree in a pot prior to planting it in the ground, but it’s still important to choose a location ahead of time (the tree will only fit in the pot for so long). Note that shallow, heavy, and clay-rich soils have especially bad drainage. To increase the drainage capability of your soil. This can be done by mixing in plenty of extra hummus or organic matter to give it added permeability. Almond trees don’t do well if water is allowed to pool around their roots which can lead to root rot. This harmful condition is caused mainly by fungi that start to grow on the tree’s roots if they’re in contact with water for too long. Since root rot can be very tough to treat, the best policy is prevention. If you have a case of root rot on your hands (usually signified by drought-like symptoms, including yellowing, wilting, and dying leaves), dig up the plant’s roots and cut away any dark, slimy patches. If problems persist, dispose of the plant to prevent the fungus from spreading throughout your garden.
Seed Planting Depth, Spacing and Procedure:
Once your seedlings have started to grow (or, alternatively, if you bought ready-to-plant seedlings), prepare your decided-upon spot in the ground for planting. Make a small mound an inch or two tall (and slightly wider than it is tall) for each seedling. Push the seedling about an inch into the center of the mound until it’s below the surface of the soil. This mound technique helps prevent water from gathering around the roots of the plant as it grows, which can cause serious problems (including root rot). If you’re planting germinated seedlings, plant them at the end of winter or in the spring. Alternatively, if you’re planting un-germinated seeds, plant them in late fall so that they have a chance to sprout in the spring at the very start of the bloom season. Cover the spot with heavy wire screen to keep out the rodent pests. If planting multiple trees, space each tree at least about 20 feet (6.1 m) apart. This gives the trees’ roots plenty of space and allows for easy, effective irrigation or even drip irrigation.
Best Companion Plants and Plants that Hinder:
Chicory (accumulator), Cosmos (attractor), Red Clover (fixer), Comfrey (mulcher), Garlic (repeller), Strawberries (suppressor).

Growing Instructions

Crop Maintenance

Winter is the perfect time for pruning — the tree’s dormant wood makes for safe, easy removal. Note, however, that dead or diseased limbs should be removed immediately at any time of the year. To prune branches, use a pair of garden clippers to make a clean cut near the bottom of the branch. For tougher pruning jobs, use a saw.When pruning, try to thin out especially dense areas of foliage and eliminate spots where two branches rub against one another. You’ll also want to prune any stray branches that grow higher or further to the side than the others to encourage even growth.
Moisture Requirements & Solutions:
Immediately after planting, almond trees should be tanked (watered heavily) with at least a gallon of water to thoroughly hydrate the soil. After this initial watering, you’ll want to maintain a regular watering schedule as the tree grows. Almond trees thrive in hot climates, but they’re not desert plants, so watering is vital to keep the growing plant healthy. Water each almond plant at least once a week unless it rains. Established trees can survive on two or three inches of water without rain, but growing plants will usually require more. Do not over water your almond tree. Almond plants are prone to rotting and mold.
Weeding Needs & Solutions:
Weeds are not a huge concern for old, established almond trees, but they can be a serious threat to young seedlings. Weeds compete fiercely for the same nutrients, water, and sun as young almond trees. If ignored, weeds can even strangle a seedling before it has a chance to grow. The best policy for weeds, especially during your plant’s first few months, is to start weeding early and often. Try to keep a five foot strip along each row of seedlings free of weeds
Feeding Needs/Optimal Natural Fertilizers:
Once the growing season begins, it’s appropriate to use a reasonable amount of fertilizer to boost your plant’s growth (though this is not required). For young trees, you’ll want to use small doses of Nitrogen every few weeks throughout the growing season. For mature trees, on the other hand, you’ll want to use about two pounds of urea or 30 pounds of manure (applied once).No matter what kind of fertilizer you’re using, be sure to “water it in” after you apply it. Fertilizer can have a harmful “burning” effect on the plant if it’s applied without water.
Pests, Diseases & Solutions:
Pruning a tree encourages healthy, even, visually appealing growth. Smart pruning choices can also make a tree stronger, sturdier, and more resistant to certain diseases. To get rid of snails on your tree, you can use essential oils, such as peppermint and TerraShield to get rid of them. Fill half of a spray bottle with water and put 6 drops of essential oils. Spray it on the trees. One particularly annoying almond pest is the navel orangeworm. Over the winter, this insect shelters in so-called “mummy” nuts — almonds that aren’t harvested and are left on the tree into the late fall and winter. Once the spring rolls around, these grubs become active, resulting in damage to the almond crop. The best way to prevent this is simply to get rid of the mummies. Without any place to shelter over the winter, orangeworms should not appear, as they cannot penetrate healthy fruits later in the year. (After the mummies are removed from the tree, be sure to destroy them by mowing. Orangeworms can still shelter in intact mummies on the ground.) Use a search engine query for “almond pests”, contact your local garden supply store, or a local university’s botany department for further info.
When to Harvest/Number of days to maturity:
Almond trees take some time to start producing nuts. Typically, this “waiting” period lasts about five years. However, depending on the species of tree, it can take as long as 12 years for it to reach full nut-producing capacity. Be patient — a mature, healthy tree can produce over 40 pounds of nuts in a single harvest. It will bloom for a couple of years before nuts begin to grow. The number of flowers compared to the number of nuts that set and grow is quite high. Fruit-bearing almond trees will start to grow small green fruits during the growing season — these hard, sour fruits aren’t a common dish in the Western world, but are semi-popular in the Middle East. In the fall, these fruits will harden, turn brown, and crack open. Once the exposed almond husks have a dry, brown exterior, they’re ready for harvesting.
How to Harvest:
Almonds are usually harvested between July and October. Shake the tree and gather the almonds that drop, taking care to throw out any rotten ones you come across. Sometimes, the fruit may fall without the tree being shaken. Unless they begin to rot, these nuts are still edible. Once an almond tree begins bearing fruit, it will do so every year for as long as 50 years, ensuring plenty of almonds for years to come. It’s important to understand that most almond trees don’t produce almonds by default. The fruit of the almond tree (and, thus, the almonds themselves) are usually produced as a response to pollination as a method of sexual reproduction. This means that unless you have a self-pollinating variety of almond tree, you’ll need to cross-pollinate your tree with another tree of a different variety to get almonds. The easiest way to do this is usually just to have multiple trees of different varieties. Once you have two to three trees growing near each other, pollinators like bees will bring pollen from one tree to another as part of their natural behavior. You can also pollinate trees manually by taking a flower-bearing branch from another tree and rubbing it against the first tree’s flowers, mixing the tree’s pollen in the process. However, this is much more time-intensive and may not work as well as natural pollination. Grafting will turn an unproductive tree into a productive one if the existing tree is not self-fertile and you graft on a scion from a different variety. Once the graft “sets”, the grafted-on part will still have the ability to produce fruit, even if the rest of the tree doesn’t. This is how the vast majority of certain crops, such as oranges, are grown. There are several ways to graft a productive limb onto your tree. The simplest is usually a technique called T-budding that involves making a long, narrow cut on the “host” tree and slipping the new limb into the groove formed. After this, the new limb is secured with string or rubber ties until the host tree accepts it. Note that most grafting is performed in the spring when the material under the bark is moist and green. Keep in mind that grafting will not make an unproductive tree productive if it isn’t producing due to poor site selection, lack of nutrients, etc.
Optimal Storage temperature and conditions:
It’s a good idea to freeze your almond husks for 1-2 weeks to kill any residual pests. The only way to know for sure when the drying process is complete is to sample the “nuts.” Crack the shells of a few to find out whether the edible seeds within are hard or rubbery. If they are rubbery, then they are not completely dried out yet. If they are hard, then they are ready. When you have determined that your crop has dried out enough, bring the rest of the nuts, with their shells still on, indoors. Stored at room temperature, they will keep for eight months.
Optimal Preserving Procedures:
Seed Saving:
The almond is the seed of the tree so germinate as described above.

Harvest and Storage

Notes

A blanched almond is simply a fancy term for a raw almond with its skin removed so here’s how to do it. Use only plain almonds, not the roasted, oiled, or salted. Place the boiling water in a pan to the side on a hot pad, put the almonds in the water only for I min. (any longer they will lose their crispness). Drain the almonds using a strainer, rinse under cold water, and dab off any excess moisture. Grip each almond between your thumb and index finger and pinch. The almond should slide right out of its skin. You can prevent the almond from flying across the room by using your opposite hand to form a shield and catch the slippery little almond. Sometimes the skin won’t come off so easily and you’ll have to use your thumbnail to scrape off any remaining skin. Simply lay them on a baking sheet for a few days, shaking the pan to turn them occasionally to dry them.

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